Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/185.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 12.2 KB | 408 lines

@node Geography (Pakistan)
@section Geography (Pakistan)

@display

Location:
  South Asia, along the Arabian Sea, between India and Afghanistan
Map references:
  Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  803,940 km2
 land area:
  778,720 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
  total 6,774 km, Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909
  km
Coastline:
  1,046 km
Maritime claims:
 contiguous zone:
  24 nm
 continental shelf:
  200 nm or the edge of continental margin
 exclusive economic zone:
  200 nm
 territorial sea:
  12 nm
International disputes:
  status of Kashmir with India; border question with Afghanistan (Durand
  Line); water-sharing problems (Wular Barrage) over the Indus with upstream
  riparian India
Climate:
  mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Terrain:
  flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan
  plateau in west
Natural resources:
  land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal,
  iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Land use:
 arable land:
  26%
 permanent crops:
  0%
 meadows and pastures:
  6%
 forest and woodland:
  4%
 other:
  64%
Irrigated land:
  162,200 km2 (1989)
Environment:
  frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west;
  flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August); deforestation;
  soil erosion; desertification; water logging
Note:
  controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between
  Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent



@end display

@node People (Pakistan)
@section People (Pakistan)

@display

Population:
  125,213,732 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  2.87% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  42.59 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  12.6 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  -1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  103.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:  total population:
  57.11 years
 male:
  56.54 years
 female:
  57.72 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  6.5 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Pakistani(s)
 adjective:
  Pakistani
Ethnic divisions:
  Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India
  and their descendents)
Religions:
  Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Languages:
  Urdu (official), English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and
  most government ministries, but official policies are promoting its gradual
  replacement by Urdu), Punjabi 64%, Sindhi 12%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu 7%, Balochi
  and other 9%
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
 total population:
  35%
 male:
  47%
 female:
  21%
Labor force:
  28.9 million
 by occupation:
  agriculture 54%, mining and manufacturing 13%, services 33%, extensive
  export of labor (1987 est.)



@end display

@node Government (Pakistan)
@section Government (Pakistan)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Islamic Republic of Pakistan
 conventional short form:
  Pakistan
 former:
  West Pakistan
Digraph:
  PK
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  Islamabad
Administrative divisions:
  4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally,   Administered
Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West,   Frontier, Punjab, Sindh
 note:
  the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region
  includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
Independence:
  14 August 1947 (from UK)
Constitution:
  10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments, 30 December
  1985
Legal system:
  based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's
  stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
  reservations
National holiday:
  Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)
Political parties and leaders:
 government:
  Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), Mian Nawaz SHARIF; Jamhoori Watan
  Party (JWP), Mohammad Akbar Khan BUGTI; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (JUI),
  Fazl-ur-REHMAN and Sami-ul-HAQ; Awami National Party (ANP), Khan Abdul WALI
  KHAN; Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan-Niazi, Maulana Abdul Sattar Khan NIAZI;
  Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI
 opposition:
  Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO and Nusrat BHUTTO; Pakistan
  Muslim League-Chattha (PML-C), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI),
  Qazi Hussain AHMED; National People's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI
  (formerly the PNP); Tehrik-i-Istiqlal (TI), Air Marshal (Ret.) Mohammad
  ASGHAR KHAN; Tehrik-i-Nifaz-i-Fiqah-i-Jafaria (TNFJ), Agha Hamid Ali MUSAVI;
  Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan-Noorani (JUP-Noorani), Maulana Shah Ahmed NOORANI;
  Mohajir Quami Mahaz-Haqiqi (MQM-H), Afaq AHMED
Other political or pressure groups:
  military remains important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners,
  industrialists, and small merchants also influential
Suffrage:
  21 years of age; universal
Elections:
 President:
  last held on 12 December 1988 (next to be held by NA November 1993); results
  - Ghulam ISHAQ KHAN was elected by Parliament and the four provincial
  assemblies



@end display

@node Government (Pakistan 2. usage)
@section Government (Pakistan 2. usage)

@display

 Senate:
  last held March 1991 (next to be held NA March 1994); seats - (87 total) PML
  52, Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, PPP 5, ANP 5, JWP 4, MQM 3,
  PNP 2 (name later chaged to NPP), JI 2, JUP 2, JUI 2, PKMAP 1, independent 1
 National Assembly:
  last held on 24 October 1990 (next to be held by October 1995); results -
  percent of vote by party NA; seats - (217 total) number of seats by party
  NA; note - President GHULAM ISHAQ Khan dismissed the National Assembly on 18
  April 1993; it was reestablished, however, on 26 May 1993 by the Supreme
  Court, which ruled the dismissal order unconstitutional
Executive branch:
  president, prime minister, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
  bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) consists of an upper house or Senate
  and a lower house or National Assembly
Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court, Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court
Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  President Ghulam ISHAQ KHAN (since 13 December 1988)
 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister Mian Nawaz SHARIF (since 6 November 1990); note - President
  GHULAM ISHAQ Khan dismissed Prime Minister SHARIF on 18 April 1993, but he
  was reinstated by the Supreme Court on 26 May 1993
Member of:
  AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
  ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
  INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAS
  (observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM,
  UNOSOM, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  (vacant)
 chancery:
  2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
 telephone:
  [phone]
 consulate general:
  New York
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador John MONJO
 embassy:
  Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad
 mailing address:
  P. O. Box 1048, PSC 1212, Box 2000, Islamabad or APO AE 09812-2000
 telephone:
  [92] (51) 826161 through 79
 FAX:
  [92] (51) 822004
 consulates general:
  Karachi, Lahore
 consulate:
  Peshawar
Flag:
  green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious
  minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered
  in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional
  symbols of Islam



@end display

@node Economy (Pakistan)
@section Economy (Pakistan)

@display

Overview:
  Pakistan is a poor Third World country faced with the usual problems of
  rapidly increasing population, sizable government deficits, and heavy
  dependence on foreign aid. In addition, the economy must support a large
  military establishment. A real economic growth rate averaging 5-6% in recent
  years has helped the country to cope with these problems. Almost all
  agriculture and small-scale industry is in private hands. In 1990, Pakistan
  embarked on a sweeping economic liberalization program to boost foreign and
  domestic private investment and lower foreign aid dependence. The SHARIF
  government denationalized several state-owned firms and attracted some
  foreign investment. Pakistan likely will have difficulty raising living
  standards because of its rapidly expanding population. At the current rate
  of growth, population would double in 25 years.
National product:
  GNP - exchange rate conversion - $48.3 billion (FY92 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  6.4% (FY92 est.)
National product per capita:
  $410 (FY92 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  12.7% (FY91)
Unemployment rate:
  10% (FY91 est.)
Budget:
  revenues $9.4 billion; expenditures $10.9 billion, including capital
  expenditures of $3.1 billion (FY93 est.)
Exports:
  $6.8 billion (f.o.b., FY92)
 commodities:
  cotton, textiles, clothing, rice
 partners:
  EC 35%, US 11%, Japan 8% (FY91)
Imports:
  $9.1 billion (f.o.b., FY92)
 commodities:
  petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation, equipment,
  vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals
 partners:
  EC 29%, Japan 13%, US 12% (FY91)
External debt:
  $16.5 billion (1992 est.)
Industrial production:
  growth rate 5.7% (FY91); accounts for almost 20% of GNP
Electricity:
  10,000,000 kW capacity; 43,000 million kWh produced, 350 kWh per capita
  (1992)
Industries:
  textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing,
  paper products, shrimp
Agriculture:
  25% of GNP, over 50% of labor force; world's largest contiguous irrigation
  system; major crops - cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables;
  livestock products - milk, beef, mutton, eggs; self-sufficient in food grain
Illicit drugs:
  illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade;
  government eradication efforts on poppy cultivation of limited success;
  largest producer of Southwest Asian heroin



@end display

@node Economy (Pakistan 2. usage)
@section Economy (Pakistan 2. usage)

@display

Economic aid:
  (including Bangladesh prior to 1972) US commitments, including Ex-Im
  (FY70-89), $4.5 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral
  commitments (1980-89), $9.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $2.3
  billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $3.2 billion
Currency:
  1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa
Exchange rates:
  Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 25.904 (January 1993), 25.083 (1992),
  23.801 (1991), 21.707 (1990), 20.541 (1989), 18.003 (1988)
Fiscal year:
  1 July - 30 June



@end display

@node Communications (Pakistan)
@section Communications (Pakistan)

@display

Railroads:
  8,773 km total; 7,718 km broad gauge, 445 km 1-meter gauge, and 610 km less
  than 1-meter gauge; 1,037 km broad-gauge double track; 286 km electrified;
  all government owned (1985)
Highways:
  101,315 km total (1987); 40,155 km paved, 23,000 km gravel, 29,000 km
  improved earth, and 9,160 km unimproved earth or sand tracks (1985)
Pipelines:
  crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,044 km; petroleum products 885 km (1987)
Ports:
  Gwadar, Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
Merchant marine:
  29 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 350,916 GRT/530,855 DWT; includes 3
  passenger-cargo, 24 cargo, 1 oil tanker, 1 bulk
Airports:
 total:
  111
 usable:
  104
 with permanent-surface runways:
  75
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  1
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  31
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  42
Telecommunications:
  the domestic telephone system is poor, adequate only for government and
  business use; about 7 telephones per 1,000 persons; the system for
  international traffic is better and employs both microwave radio relay and
  satellites; satellite ground stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 2
  Indian Ocean INTELSAT; broadcast stations - 19 AM, 8 FM, 29 TV



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Pakistan)
@section Defense Forces (Pakistan)

@display

Branches:
  Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 28,657,084; fit for military service 17,585,542; reach
  military age (17) annually 1,337,352 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 6% of GNP (FY91/92)



@end display